Patella Dislocation

Patella dislocation is a common orthopaedic injury that affects both athletes and non-athletes, often occurring during sudden twisting movements of the knee or due to direct trauma.

As a leading orthopaedic surgeon in Perth, Dr Daniel Meyerkort from Perth Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine provides expert diagnosis, tailored treatment plans, and both surgical and non-surgical management for patella dislocations. This article outlines the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and rehabilitation for patella dislocation, with a focus on long-term outcomes and patient-centred care.

What is Patella Dislocation?

The patella (kneecap) is a small bone that sits within the trochlear groove of the femur and plays a crucial role in knee extension by transmitting the force of the quadriceps muscle. A patella dislocation occurs when the kneecap slips out of this groove, typically towards the outside (lateral dislocation). Dislocation may damage the surrounding ligaments, cartilage, and bone structures, especially the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), which is critical for maintaining patellar stability.

Causes & Risk Factors

Patella dislocations can occur due to:

  • Trauma or direct impact, often in contact sports.

  • Twisting injuries, where the foot is planted, and the knee rotates.

  • Structural abnormalities, such as a shallow trochlear groove, patella alta (high-riding patella), or increased Q-angle.

  • Ligamentous laxity, often seen in younger patients or those with hypermobility disorders.

Patients who experience a dislocation are at increased risk of recurrence, especially younger individuals involved in high-impact activities.

Symptoms of Patella Dislocation

Typical signs and symptoms include:

  • Sudden knee pain following a twisting or traumatic injury.

  • A visible shift or misalignment of the kneecap.

  • Swelling and bruising around the front of the knee.

  • Inability to bear weight or straighten the knee.

  • A feeling of instability or "giving way" during movement.

Diagnosis

Dr Daniel Meyerkort conducts a thorough clinical examination to assess knee instability, swelling, and tenderness. Diagnostic imaging plays a vital role:

  • X-rays help identify bone abnormalities and confirm dislocation.

  • MRI scans assess ligament damage (especially MPFL) and associated injuries such as cartilage damage or loose bodies.

  • CT scans may be required for complex or recurrent cases to evaluate bony alignment and trochlear morphology.

Non-Surgical Management

For first-time patella dislocations without significant structural damage, non-surgical treatment is often effective. This includes:

1. Closed Reduction

Manual repositioning of the kneecap back into place, usually done immediately post-injury.

2. Bracing and Immobilisation

A patella-stabilising brace or splint is used to support the joint and allow healing of soft tissues.

3. Physiotherapy

Dr Meyerkort works closely with Perth-based physiotherapists to restore strength, particularly in the quadriceps (vastus medialis obliquus), improve proprioception, and correct biomechanical issues. Exercises may include:

  • Closed-chain strengthening

  • Balance and neuromuscular training

  • Core and hip strengthening

4. Activity Modification

Limiting high-impact or pivoting activities during the early recovery phase, usually 6–8 weeks.

Benefits of non-surgical treatment:

  • Avoids surgical risks.

  • Good outcomes for first-time dislocations.

  • Quicker return to low-impact activities.

Risks of non-surgical treatment:

  • Higher recurrence rates, especially in young active patients.

  • Persistent instability or pain.

  • Cartilage damage from repeated subluxations.

Surgical Management

Surgical intervention is recommended for:

  • Recurrent patella dislocations

  • Significant MPFL tears

  • Associated cartilage or bone injuries

  • Patients with anatomical abnormalities predisposing to instability

Dr Daniel Meyerkort specialises in minimally invasive techniques tailored to each patient’s anatomy and activity level.

1. MPFL Reconstruction

A common procedure where the torn medial patellofemoral ligament is reconstructed using a tendon graft (often from the hamstring). This restores the primary restraint against lateral dislocation.

2. Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy (TTO)

In patients with abnormal patella tracking or patella alta, the tibial tubercle may be repositioned to improve alignment and reduce dislocation risk.

3. Trochleoplasty

In select cases with a very shallow trochlear groove, this surgery deepens the groove to enhance patella stability.

4. Arthroscopic Surgery

Loose cartilage fragments or osteochondral injuries may be treated via knee arthroscopy, which allows a faster recovery and smaller incisions.

Benefits of surgical treatment:

  • Reduces risk of recurrent dislocations.

  • Stabilises the knee joint for long-term function.

  • Allows return to high-level sports.

  • Corrects underlying anatomical issues.

Risks of surgery:

  • Infection, bleeding, and anaesthetic risks.

  • Knee stiffness or loss of motion.

  • Graft failure or overcorrection.

  • Prolonged rehabilitation.

Dr Meyerkort uses state-of-the-art techniques and personalised surgical plans to minimise complications and maximise outcomes.

Postoperative Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is crucial for optimal recovery following surgery. Dr Meyerkort provides a structured physiotherapy protocol that includes:

  • Initial immobilisation followed by gradual return to motion.

  • Progressive strengthening of quadriceps and hip musculature.

  • Return to sport typically between 4–6 months, depending on surgery type and healing.

Regular follow-ups and imaging may be required to ensure proper healing and stability.

Patella Dislocation in Adolescents

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to recurrent patella instability. Early recognition and intervention are key. Dr Meyerkort emphasises individualised management plans to prevent long-term knee damage, osteoarthritis, or chronic instability.

Long-Term Outcomes

When managed appropriately, most patients regain full function and return to their desired activity level. Surgical intervention provides durable results, especially in patients with anatomical predispositions or repeated dislocations.

Dr Daniel Meyerkort has extensive experience in treating patella dislocations in both elite athletes and everyday individuals across Perth and regional WA. Patients benefit from access to advanced imaging, Telehealth consultations, and coordinated care through Perth Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine.

Why Choose Dr Daniel Meyerkort at Perth Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine?

  • Expertise in knee injuries including patella instability and ligament reconstruction.

  • Minimally invasive techniques to reduce recovery time.

  • Comprehensive patient care, from diagnosis through rehabilitation.

  • Telehealth services for regional patients in WA including Geraldton, Broome, Albany, Kalgoorlie, and Karratha.

  • Collaborative care model, working with physiotherapists and sports physicians for optimal outcomes.

Personalised Orthopaedic Care in Perth

If you’ve experienced a patella dislocation or ongoing knee instability, book a consultation with Dr Daniel Meyerkort at Perth Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine. Early intervention can help prevent long-term joint damage and ensure a safe return to sport and activity.